Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model

There are few models in Software development process, which are very popular conceptual framework and describing all activities in software development from analysis to maintenance. All the models are associates with same process. The popular models are given below:-

• Waterfall Model
• V-Shaped Model
• Agile Model
• Iterative Model
• Spiral Model

Do not worry to choose what type of model, because all the basic stages are available in every model. Now we will discuss those important for the understanding of each SDLC model.

The Basic Stages of the SDLC 

Stage-1 (Business Analysis):

Gathering information and Analyze is the first stage of SDLC. The main goal of this stage is to identify the detail definition  of the system requirements.It is important to make sure all the necessary process clearly describe the task and all will be implemented. Another concern is proper analyze existing SOP. At this stage, the customer communicates the project's expectations about who will use the product, how the customer will use the product, and includes specific information about a particular customer's needs related to the software.

Stage-2 (Project Design):

Project design will start after identifying the proper requirements and documents. And this 2^nd stage is most important for actual software architecture. The design stage concern with technology used in the project, total time duration of the project, limitation, advantage & disadvantages and budget. A Project is well designed when user requirements are well identified and approve.

Stage-3 (Coding):

 Programmers are starting their job from this stage. After getting approve design and documents from user or client side a Project Manager (PM) distribute all the task to individual programmer. And a programmer designed UI for end user and stablish interaction with server by programming. A system administrator involve for new software environment. Few steps are must follow in this stage- Source coding, Compilation, Test & debugging.

Stage-4 (Testing):

 Error free software is most important for user satisfaction. In this stage programmer code debugging is the main concern. Testing phase includes in the debugging process. Missed code flaws are detected here and back to the re-development to the programmers. Testing process are repeated whenever errors are removed from the software.

Stage-5 (Deployment):

 After testing is successful complete and all the unwanted issues are solve then the software is ready to deploy to the end user end. An implementation/support team has been join after realizing a new updates. The basic task is supply the user feedback, support users during task execution.

Software Development Life Cycle Model 

Waterfall Model:

The Waterfall life Cycle was the first attempt at the definition of a software development life cycle. Another way we can say Waterfall model is a sequential development life cycle model that explain development as a chain of successive steps. . It is very simple but very realistic approach. Without complete a single steps or sequence you cannot start another phase.

Waterfall Model

- Requirements Analysis:

The first phase involves understanding what is required and what would be design and its function, uses, etc. Here the specify the specifications of the input and output or the final outcome from the new system are studied and marked.

- System Design:

System design divided into two major steps: a) Logical Design and b) Physical Design.

a) Logical Design:- This stage represent a fundamental switch in focus. Logical design is concerned with how the system will work, without  too much notice being taken of the choice of technical architecture. 

b) Physical Design:- Physical design is a model of the final product or a symbolic representation of new system. Here specific measurements are discuss in-details.

System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The software code to be written in the next stage is created now.

- Code & Test:

The main role of this stage is simply to convert the specification into efficient, maintainable program code according to the standards that are used. Thus each designed module are coded well. After each module well coded a test team will testing whether each module working properly or not.

- Implementation:

Implementation stage consists of a lot of connected activities:

• If any new device is required then need to install and testing.
• User training, may arrange a demo testing where no damage to real data can be done.
• The old system and new system may need to run parallel for a certain period to ensure the new system is performing correctly.
• New data may need to entered.

By accepting a formal process when responsible manager declare that their team is satisfied and system meets its objectives this implementation phase will terminated.

- Maintenance:

The maintenance phase is begins when the implementation is complete. This step involves with making modifications to the system or an individual component to alter attributes or improve performance or any new requirement. These modifications arise either due to change requests initiated by the customer, or defects uncovered during live use of the system.